IC50: alkaline phosphatase (ALP); collagen formation; runx2A

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (0.1-1.5 mM; 2 to 3 weeks with medium exchange every 2 to 3 days) significantly stimulates cell growth, whereas addition of l-Ascorbic acid (Asc)  achieves only weak growth stimulation. A combination of Asc-2P and bFGF significantly increases cell growth, but supplementation with EGF and/or insulin does not have any additional effect . L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (50 µM-250 µM) is needed for the effective osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs), and higher concentrations of AsA2-P results in increased runx2 expression and ALP activity. The highest proliferation, ALP activity and runx2 expression is achieved with 150 µM AsA2-P and 10 nM dexamethasone (Dex), and 250 µM AsA2-P and 5 nM Dex.